MySQL 数据库 SQL 示例

1. 练习示例涉及的数据库表 DDL 脚本

1.1. 普通的示例表

  • 部门表
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dept`;
create table dept(
    id   int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
)comment '部门表';
INSERT INTO dept (id, name) VALUES (1, '研发部'), (2, '市场部'),(3, '财务部'), (4, '销售部'), (5, '总经办'), (6, '人事部');
  • 员工表
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp`;
create table emp(
    id  int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
    age  int comment '年龄',
    job varchar(20) comment '职位',
    salary int comment '薪资',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间',
    managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
    dept_id int comment '部门ID'
)comment '员工表';
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job,salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id) VALUES
            (1, '金庸', 66, '总裁',20000, '2000-01-01', null,5),
            (2, '张无忌', 20, '项目经理',12500, '2005-12-05', 1,1),
            (3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400,'2000-11-03', 2,1),
            (4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发',11000, '2002-02-05', 2,1),
            (5, '常遇春', 43, '开发',10500, '2004-09-07', 3,1),
            (6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师',6600, '2004-10-12', 2,1),
            (7, '灭绝', 60, '财务总监',8500, '2002-09-12', 1,3),
            (8, '周芷若', 19, '会计',48000, '2006-06-02', 7,3),
            (9, '丁敏君', 23, '出纳',5250, '2009-05-13', 7,3),
            (10, '赵敏', 20, '市场部总监',12500, '2004-10-12', 1,2),
            (11, '鹿杖客', 56, '职员',3750, '2006-10-03', 10,2),
            (12, '鹤笔翁', 19, '职员',3750, '2007-05-09', 10,2),
            (13, '方东白', 19, '职员',5500, '2009-02-12', 10,2),
            (14, '张三丰', 88, '销售总监',14000, '2004-10-12', 1,4),
            (15, '俞莲舟', 38, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
            (16, '宋远桥', 40, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
            (17, '陈友谅', 42, null,2000, '2011-10-12', 1,null);
  • 薪资等级表
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salgrade`;
create table salgrade(
    grade int,
    losal int,
    hisal int
) comment '薪资等级表';

insert into salgrade values (1,0,3000);
insert into salgrade values (2,3001,5000);
insert into salgrade values (3,5001,8000);
insert into salgrade values (4,8001,10000);
insert into salgrade values (5,10001,15000);
insert into salgrade values (6,15001,20000);
insert into salgrade values (7,20001,25000);
insert into salgrade values (8,25001,30000);
  • 用户表
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create table tb_user(
	id int primary key auto_increment comment '主键',
	name varchar(50) not null comment '用户名',
	phone varchar(11) not null comment '手机号',
	email varchar(100) comment '邮箱',
	profession varchar(11) comment '专业',
	age tinyint unsigned comment '年龄',
	gender char(1) comment '性别 , 1: 男, 2: 女',
	status char(1) comment '状态',
	createtime datetime comment '创建时间'
) comment '系统用户表';

INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('吕布', '17799990000', 'lvbu666@163.com', '软件工程', 23, '1', '6', '2001-02-02 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('曹操', '17799990001', 'caocao666@qq.com', '通讯工程', 33, '1', '0', '2001-03-05 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('赵云', '17799990002', '17799990@139.com', '英语', 34, '1', '2', '2002-03-02 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('孙悟空', '17799990003', '17799990@sina.com', '工程造价', 54, '1', '0', '2001-07-02 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('花木兰', '17799990004', '19980729@sina.com', '软件工程', 23, '2', '1', '2001-04-22 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('大乔', '17799990005', 'daqiao666@sina.com', '舞蹈', 22, '2', '0', '2001-02-07 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('露娜', '17799990006', 'luna_love@sina.com', '应用数学', 24, '2', '0', '2001-02-08 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('程咬金', '17799990007', 'chengyaojin@163.com', '化工', 38, '1', '5', '2001-05-23 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('项羽', '17799990008', 'xiaoyu666@qq.com', '金属材料', 43, '1', '0', '2001-09-18 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('白起', '17799990009', 'baiqi666@sina.com', '机械工程及其自动化', 27, '1', '2', '2001-08-16 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('韩信', '17799990010', 'hanxin520@163.com', '无机非金属材料工程', 27, '1', '0', '2001-06-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('荆轲', '17799990011', 'jingke123@163.com', '会计', 29, '1', '0', '2001-05-11 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('兰陵王', '17799990012', 'lanlinwang666@126.com', '工程造价', 44, '1', '1', '2001-04-09 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('狂铁', '17799990013', 'kuangtie@sina.com', '应用数学', 43, '1', '2', '2001-04-10 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('貂蝉', '17799990014', '84958948374@qq.com', '软件工程', 40, '2', '3', '2001-02-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('妲己', '17799990015', '2783238293@qq.com', '软件工程', 31, '2', '0', '2001-01-30 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('芈月', '17799990016', 'xiaomin2001@sina.com', '工业经济', 35, '2', '0', '2000-05-03 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('嬴政', '17799990017', '8839434342@qq.com', '化工', 38, '1', '1', '2001-08-08 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('狄仁杰', '17799990018', 'jujiamlm8166@163.com', '国际贸易', 30, '1', '0', '2007-03-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('安琪拉', '17799990019', 'jdodm1h@126.com', '城市规划', 51, '2', '0', '2001-08-15 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('典韦', '17799990020', 'ycaunanjian@163.com', '城市规划', 52, '1', '2', '2000-04-12 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('廉颇', '17799990021', 'lianpo321@126.com', '土木工程', 19, '1', '3', '2002-07-18 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('后羿', '17799990022', 'altycj2000@139.com', '城市园林', 20, '1', '0', '2002-03-10 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO tempdb.tb_user (name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status, createtime) VALUES ('姜子牙', '17799990023', '37483844@qq.com', '工程造价', 29, '1', '4', '2003-05-26 00:00:00');

1.2. 多对多关系示例表

  • 多对多关系(学生表、课程表、学生课程中间表)
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
create table student(
    id int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
    name varchar(10) comment '姓名',
    no varchar(10) comment '学号'
) comment '学生表';
insert into student values (null, '黛绮丝', '2000100101'),(null, '谢逊', '2000100102'),(null, '殷天正', '2000100103'),(null, '韦一笑', '2000100104');

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
create table course(
    id int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
    name varchar(10) comment '课程名称'
) comment '课程表';
insert into course values (null, 'Java'), (null, 'PHP'), (null , 'MySQL') , (null, 'Hadoop');

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_course`;
create table student_course(
    id int auto_increment comment '主键' primary key,
    studentid int not null comment '学生ID',
    courseid  int not null comment '课程ID',
    constraint fk_courseid foreign key (courseid) references course (id),
    constraint fk_studentid foreign key (studentid) references student (id)
)comment '学生课程中间表';
insert into student_course values (null,1,1),(null,1,2),(null,1,3),(null,2,2),(null,2,3),(null,3,4);

1.3. 表数据约束示例表

  • 用户表(约束)
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
create table user(
    id int primary key auto_increment comment '主键',
    name varchar(10) not null unique comment '姓名',
    age int check ( age > 0 && age <= 120 ) comment '年龄',
    status char(1) default '1' comment '状态',
    gender char(1) comment '性别'
) comment '用户表';
  • 部门表、员工表(外键约束)
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create table dept(
    id   int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
)comment '部门表';
INSERT INTO dept (id, name) VALUES (1, '研发部'), (2, '市场部'),(3, '财务部'), (4, '销售部'), (5, '总经办');


create table emp(
    id  int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
    age  int comment '年龄',
    job varchar(20) comment '职位',
    salary int comment '薪资',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间',
    managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
    dept_id int comment '部门ID'
)comment '员工表';

INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job,salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id) VALUES
            (1, '金庸', 66, '总裁',20000, '2000-01-01', null,5),(2, '张无忌', 20, '项目经理',12500, '2005-12-05', 1,1),
            (3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400,'2000-11-03', 2,1),(4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发',11000, '2002-02-05', 2,1),
            (5, '常遇春', 43, '开发',10500, '2004-09-07', 3,1),(6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师',6600, '2004-10-12', 2,1);