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| #!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# @sys: RHEL 8+, CentOS 8+, Rocky 8+, Alma 8+, Debian 10+, Ubuntu 20.04+
# @date: 2025-12-17 (Fix: ID_LIKE unbound variable)
# @author: yangfan (Modified by Gemini)
# @info: 通过源码安装 MySQL 8.0，自动适配 RHEL 和 Debian 系系统。
# @run: ./install-mysql8.sh -v 8.0.34 -p /data/mysql -P 'YourPass'
set -euo pipefail
# --- 全局变量与颜色定义 ---
readonly C_RESET='\033[0m'
readonly C_RED='\033[0;31m'
readonly C_GREEN='\033[0;32m'
readonly C_YELLOW='\033[0;33m'
LOG_FILE="/tmp/mysql8_install_$(date +%s).log"
MODEL="online"
INSTALL_PATH="/opt"
ROOT_PASSWORD=""
DEBUG_MODE=false
VERSION_NAME="mysql8"
MYSQL_VERSION="8.0.34"
# 操作系统变量
OS_FAMILY="" # rhel 或 debian
OS_ID="" # centos, rhel, ubuntu, debian
# --- 函数定义 ---
log() {
local level="$1"
local message="$2"
local color="${C_RESET}"
case "${level}" in
"信息") color="${C_GREEN}" ;;
"警告") color="${C_YELLOW}" ;;
"错误") color="${C_RED}" ;;
esac
echo -e "${color}[${level}] ${message}${C_RESET}"
}
usage() {
echo "用法: $0 [-v <版本>] [-p <路径>] [-P <密码>] [-m <模式>] [-d] [-h]"
echo " -v 要安装的 MySQL 版本 (例如: 8.0.34)。"
echo " -p 安装的基础路径 (默认: /opt)。"
echo " -P MySQL root 用户的密码。"
echo " -m 安装模式: 'online' (在线) 或 'offline' (离线)。"
echo " -d 开启调试模式。"
echo " -h 显示此帮助信息。"
exit 0
}
# 检测操作系统
check_os() {
# 初始化局部变量
local id_like=""
if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
. /etc/os-release
# 使用 :- 防止变量未定义导致脚本退出 (set -u)
OS_ID="${ID:-unknown}"
id_like="${ID_LIKE:-}"
# 逻辑判断
if [[ "$OS_ID" =~ (centos|rhel|rocky|alma) ]] || [[ "$id_like" =~ (centos|rhel|fedora) ]]; then
OS_FAMILY="rhel"
elif [[ "$OS_ID" =~ (debian|ubuntu|kali) ]] || [[ "$id_like" =~ (debian|ubuntu) ]]; then
OS_FAMILY="debian"
else
log "错误" "不支持的操作系统: $OS_ID"
exit 1
fi
else
log "错误" "无法检测操作系统类型 (/etc/os-release 缺失)"
exit 1
fi
log "信息" "检测到操作系统: $OS_ID (家族: $OS_FAMILY)"
}
run_command() {
local cmd_desc="$1"
shift
log "信息" "${cmd_desc}..."
local exit_code=0
if [[ "${DEBUG_MODE}" = true ]]; then
"$@" 2>&1 | tee -a "${LOG_FILE}"
exit_code=${PIPESTATUS[0]}
else
"$@" &> "${LOG_FILE}" &
local pid=$!
local spinner="/|\\-"
while kill -0 $pid 2>/dev/null; do
for i in $(seq 0 3); do
echo -ne "\r[执行中] ${spinner:$i:1} "
sleep 0.1
done
done
echo -ne "\r"
wait $pid
exit_code=$?
fi
if [[ ${exit_code} -ne 0 ]]; then
log "错误" "${cmd_desc} 失败。日志: ${LOG_FILE}"
echo "--- 日志最后15行 ---"
tail -n 15 "${LOG_FILE}"
echo "----------------------"
exit 1
else
log "信息" "${cmd_desc} --------> 成功"
fi
}
# 包装器：处理 RHEL SCL 编译器环境与其他系统的差异
run_build_command() {
local desc="$1"
shift
if [[ "$OS_FAMILY" == "rhel" ]]; then
# RHEL 8 需要 devtoolset/gcc-toolset
run_command "$desc" scl enable gcc-toolset-10 -- "$@"
else
# Debian/Ubuntu 直接运行
run_command "$desc" "$@"
fi
}
# --- 主逻辑 ---
main() {
check_os
if [[ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]]; then
log "错误" "必须以 root 身份运行。"
exit 1
fi
if [[ -z "${ROOT_PASSWORD}" ]]; then
ROOT_PASSWORD=$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9!@#%^&*' | head -c 20)
log "警告" "已生成随机 Root 密码。"
fi
log "信息" "开始安装 MySQL ${MYSQL_VERSION}..."
log "信息" "模式: ${MODEL}, 路径: ${INSTALL_PATH}"
# 1. 安装依赖 (根据系统区分)
if [[ "$OS_FAMILY" == "rhel" ]]; then
run_command "安装基础依赖 (RHEL)" yum install -y bison ncurses-devel libtirpc-devel openssl-devel cmake wget diffutils
run_command "安装 GCC 10 工具集" yum install -y gcc-toolset-10
elif [[ "$OS_FAMILY" == "debian" ]]; then
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
run_command "更新 apt 缓存" apt-get update
# Debian 对应的包名
run_command "安装基础依赖 (Debian)" apt-get install -y build-essential bison libncurses-dev libtirpc-dev libssl-dev cmake wget pkg-config
fi
# rpcsvc-proto 处理
local rpcsvc_tarball="rpcsvc-proto-1.4.tar.gz"
if [[ "${MODEL}" == "online" ]]; then
run_command "下载 rpcsvc-proto" wget -c "https://github.com/thkukuk/rpcsvc-proto/releases/download/v1.4/${rpcsvc_tarball}" -O "${rpcsvc_tarball}"
elif [[ ! -f "${rpcsvc_tarball}" ]]; then
log "错误" "离线模式: 缺少 '${rpcsvc_tarball}'"
exit 1
fi
run_command "解压 rpcsvc-proto" tar -xf "${rpcsvc_tarball}"
(cd rpcsvc-proto-1.4 && run_command "配置 rpcsvc" ./configure && run_command "编译 rpcsvc" make && run_command "安装 rpcsvc" make install)
rm -rf rpcsvc-proto-1.4 "${rpcsvc_tarball}"
# 2. 下载并编译 MySQL
local mysql_tarball="mysql-boost-${MYSQL_VERSION}.tar.gz"
if [[ "${MODEL}" == "online" ]]; then
run_command "下载 MySQL" wget -c "https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/${mysql_tarball}" -O "${mysql_tarball}"
elif [[ ! -f "${mysql_tarball}" ]]; then
log "错误" "离线模式: 缺少 '${mysql_tarball}'"
exit 1
fi
run_command "解压 MySQL" tar xf "${mysql_tarball}"
cd "mysql-${MYSQL_VERSION}"
local mysql_home="${INSTALL_PATH}/${VERSION_NAME}"
local mysql_stable_path="${INSTALL_PATH}/mysql"
local cmake_args=(
"-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${mysql_home}"
"-DSYSCONFDIR=${mysql_home}/etc"
"-DMYSQL_DATADIR=${mysql_home}/data"
"-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306"
"-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4"
"-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci"
"-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=${mysql_home}/run/mysql.sock"
"-DWITH_BOOST=./boost"
"-DFORCE_INSOURCE_BUILD=1"
"-DWITH_SSL=system"
)
# 使用封装的构建函数
run_build_command "配置 MySQL (cmake)" cmake "${cmake_args[@]}"
local cpu_cores; cpu_cores=$(nproc)
run_build_command "编译 MySQL (-j${cpu_cores})" make "-j${cpu_cores}"
run_build_command "安装 MySQL" make install
cd ..
rm -rf "mysql-${MYSQL_VERSION}" "${mysql_tarball}"
# 3. 配置与用户
run_command "创建软链接" ln -snf "${mysql_home}" "${mysql_stable_path}"
id mysql &>/dev/null || run_command "创建 mysql 用户" useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
mkdir -p "${mysql_stable_path}"/{etc,run,logs,data}
# my.cnf (通用)
cat > "${mysql_stable_path}/etc/my.cnf" << END
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
basedir = ${mysql_stable_path}
datadir = ${mysql_stable_path}/data
socket = ${mysql_stable_path}/run/mysql.sock
pid-file = ${mysql_stable_path}/run/mysqld.pid
log-error = ${mysql_stable_path}/logs/mysqld.log
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
default_authentication_plugin=caching_sha2_password
max_connections = 1024
default-time_zone = '+8:00'
lower_case_table_names=1
[client]
socket = ${mysql_stable_path}/run/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4
END
run_command "设置权限" chown -R mysql:mysql "${mysql_home}" "${mysql_stable_path}/data"
# 防火墙处理
handle_firewall() {
local port="$1"
if command -v firewall-cmd &> /dev/null && systemctl is-active --quiet firewalld; then
run_command "Firewalld 放行端口 $port" firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port="${port}/tcp"
firewall-cmd --reload >/dev/null 2>&1
elif command -v ufw &> /dev/null && ufw status | grep -q "Status: active"; then
run_command "UFW 放行端口 $port" ufw allow "${port}/tcp"
else
log "警告" "未检测到活跃的防火墙 (firewalld/ufw)，跳过规则配置。"
fi
}
handle_firewall "3306"
# 4. 初始化与启动
run_command "初始化数据库" "${mysql_stable_path}/bin/mysqld" --initialize-insecure --basedir="${mysql_stable_path}" --datadir="${mysql_stable_path}/data" --user=mysql
cat > /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service << END
[Unit]
Description=MySQL 8.0 Server
After=network.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=${mysql_stable_path}/run/mysqld.pid
ExecStart=${mysql_stable_path}/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=${mysql_stable_path}/run/mysqld.pid
LimitNOFILE=65535
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
END
run_command "重载 Systemd" systemctl daemon-reload
run_command "启动 MySQL" systemctl enable --now mysqld
# 5. 安全设置
log "信息" "设置 Root 密码..."
"${mysql_stable_path}/bin/mysql" -u root --connect-expired-password -e "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY '${ROOT_PASSWORD}';"
# 额外的远程用户
"${mysql_stable_path}/bin/mysql" -u root -p"${ROOT_PASSWORD}" -e "CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'mw'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY '123'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mw'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
cat > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh << END
export PATH=\$PATH:${mysql_stable_path}/bin
END
log "信息" "MySQL 安装完成！"
log "信息" "Root 密码: ${ROOT_PASSWORD}"
log "信息" "请执行: source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh"
}
# --- 参数解析 ---
while getopts "v:p:P:m:dh" opt; do
case ${opt} in
v) MYSQL_VERSION=${OPTARG} ;;
p) INSTALL_PATH=${OPTARG} ;;
P) ROOT_PASSWORD=${OPTARG} ;;
m) MODEL=${OPTARG} ;;
d) DEBUG_MODE=true ;;
h) usage ;;
*) usage ;;
esac
done
main
|
